| | Implants | | Indications | | Treatment | | Complications and potential adverse reactions |
| | AlloDerm | | FDA-approved for lip augmentation in the USA [14]. The allograft scaffold is also used for understandburn
injuries and cancer excisions and to correct soft tissue defects [8] | | Tiny incisions are made at both corners of the lip.An instrument is passed from one incision to the other to make a tunnel. The implant is passed from one end of the incision toward the other end [14]. Reports of longevity vary, ranging from 6–12 months to several years [4] | | The major complication is overcorrection. The risk of this is minimized by the physicianfully understanding the patient’s expectations [14] |
| | Acellular allogeneic dermis Cymetra | | FDA-approved for treat ment of rhytids, nasolabial folds, and lips | | Injection at the midreticular level is optimal until the majority of the gentian lines have been removed or the deepest plane has been reached [4]. Double allergy testing is recommended [15], and patients shown to be allergic to bovine collagen might find this preparation to be a feasible alternative. Its longevity is normally 3–6 months | | Bruising, redness, swelling, and wrinkling of skin [8] |
| | Injectable, microparticulate acellular allogenic dermis Human cadaver tissue | | | | Augmentation reportedly lasts longer than does bovine collagen [16]. | | |
| | Fascian Lyophilized human particulate
fascia lata Human cadaver tissue | | FDA-approved for stimu lation of cutaneous collagen formation [17] | | Reports claim the effect lasts 3–6 months while the manufacturer states 6–8 months [4] | | Complications may include edema, erythema, and ecchymosis, and later complications may include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. The larger particle sizes appear to be associated with side effects that are more persistent [4]. Painful to inject; bruising [17] |
