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Lasers in Dermatology

»What does the term “laser” stand for?
»What does “stimulated emission of radiation” mean?
»How is the light amplified in the laser system?
»What types of medium are used in laser systems?
»What are the special features of laser light?
»Why is monochromatic light useful?
»What is selective photothermolysis?
»What is an ablative laser?
»What is a nonablative laser?
»What is Q-switching?
»What is a fractional laser?
»How are the types of dermatologic lasers classified?
»What lasers have historic interest but are seldom used?
»What are the basic features of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser?
»What are some uses for the standard carbon dioxide laser?
»How is the CO2 laser used for resurfacing?
»What precautions must be used with the CO2 laser?
»What are the basic features of the erbium:YAG laser?
»What are pulsed dye lasers?
»What is the flashlamp pulsed dye vascular lesion laser used to treat?
»What is nonablative resurfacing and how does a pulsed dye laser accomplish this?
»What are the disadvantages of the pulsed dye laser?
»What is an Nd:YAG laser?
»How are the long-pulsed Nd:YAG (1064-nm) lasers used?
»How are the long-pulsed KTP lasers used?
»How are the Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers used?
»What is the alexandrite laser?
»How are the alexandrite lasers used?
»What is the ruby laser?
»How are the ruby lasers used?
»What is a diode laser?
»How are the diode lasers used?
»What are nonablative fractional lasers, and for what are they used?
»What are ablative fractional lasers, and how are they used?
»What is an intense pulse light machine?
»What are IPL machines used to treat?
»Are there any risks for IPL use?
»What is radiofrequency resurfacing?
»Are there any risks with radiofrequency treatments?
»What new technologies will soon be available?

 
 
 

How are the Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers used?

The Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers are primarily used to remove tattoos. The 1064-nm laser effectively removes black, blue-black, and blue tattoo pigment. This laser has also been useful in treating dermal pigmented lesions such as nevus of Ota and nevus of Ito. The 532-nm laser effectively removes red tattoo pigment. The 532 Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is also used for removal of brown lesions such as lentigines, nevus of Ota, and café-au-lait spots (Table 54-6).








Table 54-6. Nd:YAG Lasers
 LASERMODEUSES
 
Nd:YAG, 1064 nm
 
Long-pulsed
 
Hair removal
Blood vessels, nose
Leg veins
Skin tightening
 
Nd:YAG, 1064 nm
 
Q-switched
 
Black, blue tattoos
Nevus of Ota
 
KTP, 532 nm
 
Long-pulsed
 
Facial telangiectasias
 
KTP, 532 nm
 
Q-switched
 
Red tattoos
Epidermal pigmentation