»	What types of skin changes are associated with renal disease?
»	What cutaneous findings occur in renal failure?
»	Do cutaneous signs of chronic renal failure resolve when the patient is treated with hemodialysis?
»	What cutaneous findings are present in patients being treated with dialysis?
»	Describe the nail changes in chronic renal failure.
»	What is uremic frost?
»	What causes the pallor of chronic renal failure?
»	What causes the pigmentary changes of the skin seen in chronic renal failure?
»	Is pruritus a common finding in all renal failure?
»	How is the pruritus of renal failure treated?
»	Are there skin changes associated with renal transplants?
»	What is transepidermal elimination? What is its relationship to kidney disease?
»	What are the differences between Kyrle’s disease, reactive perforating collagenosis, and perforating folliculitis?
»	Describe the porphyria-like eruption of dialysis.
»	What is Fabry’s disease?
»	Describe the skin lesions in Fabry’s disease.
»	What are the five vasculitic diseases that frequently involve both the kidneys and skin?
»	How should skin biopsy be used for the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis?
»	What is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy)?
»	What are some diseases that have both skin and renal manifestations?

What cutaneous findings occur in renal failure?

See Table 38-1.

Table 38-1. Cutaneous Findings in Chronic Renal Failure
	FINDING	% AFFECTED	FINDING	% AFFECTED
	Changes in cutaneous pigmentation	70%	Keratotic pits of palms and soles	14%
	Yellowish tinge	40%	Perforating disorder	4%
	Hyperpigmentation of palms and soles	30%	Finger pebbles	86%
	Hyperpigmentation, diffuse or photodistributed	22%	Calcinosis cutis	1%
	Pallor	8%	Calciphylaxis	1%
	Cutaneous infections	70%	Uremic frost	3%
	Onychomycosis	52%	Porphyria and pseudoporphyria	1.2%–18%
	Tinea pedis	25%
	Nail changes	66%
	Half-and-half nails	39%
	Pale nails	23%
	Splinter hemorrhages	11%
	Xerosis (dry skin) and/or pruritus	63%
	Data from Pico MR, Lugo-Somolinos A, Sanchez JL, Burgos-Calderon R: Cutaneous alterations in patients with chronic renal failure, Int J Dermatol 31:860–863, 1992.