| | American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) | | Trypanosoma cruzi (Central/South America)
Vector:reduviid bug (Triatoma spp.) | | Erythema and edema at site of inoculation, regional lymphadenopathy
Romaña’s sign: eyelid edema and conjunctivitis
Chronic phase: cardiac and GI abnormalities (arrhythmia, heart block, megacolon, megaesophagus); infection mainly in children | | Nifurtimox or benznidazole |
| | African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) | | T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
Vector:tsetse fly
(Glossina spp.) | | First stage: indurated chancre at site of inoculation → heals spontaneously; subsequent fever spikes correlating with annular erythematous patches
Winterbottom’s sign: posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Second stage: daytime somnolence (neurologic phase) | | Suramin or pentamidine |
| | Toxoplasmosis | | Toxoplasma gondii
Vector: contact with cat feces or ingestion of improperly cooked pork | | Acute infection typically asymptomatic in competent hosts (± flu-like symptoms) Immunocompromised: CNS toxoplasmosis, pneumonitis, chorioretinitis | | Sulfadiazine with pyrimethamine |
